feat(factors): 新增公式解析基础组件
新增公式解析相关模块,支持将字符串表达式解析为 DSL 节点树: - exceptions.py: 定义公式解析异常体系 - FormulaParseError 基类,提供位置指示的错误信息 - UnknownFunctionError 支持模糊匹配建议 - InvalidSyntaxError、EmptyExpressionError 等具体异常 - parser.py: 基于 Python ast 的公式解析器 - 支持符号引用、数值常量、二元/一元运算 - 支持函数调用和比较运算 - 常量折叠优化 - registry.py: 函数注册表 - 支持动态注册和查询公式函数 - 提供可用函数列表和重复注册检查
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src/factors/parser.py
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411
src/factors/parser.py
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"""公式解析器 - 将字符串表达式转换为 DSL 节点树。
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基于 Python ast 模块实现,支持算术运算、比较运算、函数调用等。
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示例:
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>>> from src.factors.parser import FormulaParser
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>>> from src.factors.registry import FunctionRegistry
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>>> parser = FormulaParser(FunctionRegistry())
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>>> node = parser.parse("ts_mean(close, 20)")
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>>> print(node)
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ts_mean(close, 20)
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"""
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import ast
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from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
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from src.factors.dsl import Node, Symbol, Constant, BinaryOpNode, UnaryOpNode
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from src.factors.exceptions import (
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FormulaParseError,
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UnknownFunctionError,
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InvalidSyntaxError,
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EmptyExpressionError,
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)
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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from src.factors.registry import FunctionRegistry
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# 运算符映射表
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BIN_OP_MAP: Dict[type, str] = {
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ast.Add: "+",
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ast.Sub: "-",
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ast.Mult: "*",
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ast.Div: "/",
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ast.Pow: "**",
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ast.FloorDiv: "//",
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ast.Mod: "%",
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}
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UNARY_OP_MAP: Dict[type, str] = {
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ast.UAdd: "+",
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ast.USub: "-",
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ast.Invert: "~", # 不支持,应报错
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}
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COMPARE_OP_MAP: Dict[type, str] = {
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ast.Eq: "==",
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ast.NotEq: "!=",
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ast.Lt: "<",
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ast.LtE: "<=",
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ast.Gt: ">",
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ast.GtE: ">=",
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}
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class FormulaParser:
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"""基于 AST 的公式解析器。
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将字符串表达式解析为 DSL 节点树,支持:
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- 符号引用(如 close, open)
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- 数值常量(如 20, 3.14)
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- 二元运算(如 +, -, *, /)
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- 一元运算(如 -x)
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- 函数调用(如 ts_mean(close, 20))
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- 比较运算(如 close > open)
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Attributes:
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registry: 函数注册表,用于解析函数调用
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"""
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def __init__(self, registry: "FunctionRegistry") -> None:
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"""初始化解析器。
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Args:
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registry: 函数注册表,提供函数名到可调用对象的映射
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"""
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self.registry = registry
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def parse(self, expr: str) -> Node:
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"""解析字符串表达式为 Node 树。
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Args:
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expr: 公式字符串,如 "ts_mean(close, 20)"
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Returns:
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解析后的 Node 节点
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Raises:
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EmptyExpressionError: 表达式为空时抛出
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SyntaxError: Python 语法错误时抛出
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FormulaParseError: 解析失败时抛出
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Example:
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>>> parser.parse("close / open")
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BinaryOpNode("/", Symbol("close"), Symbol("open"))
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"""
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# 检查空表达式
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if not expr or not expr.strip():
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raise EmptyExpressionError()
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# 解析为 Python AST
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try:
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tree = ast.parse(expr, mode="eval")
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except SyntaxError as e:
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# 将 SyntaxError 包装为 InvalidSyntaxError,统一异常类型
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"表达式语法错误: {e.msg}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=e.lineno,
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col_offset=e.offset,
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) from e
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# 递归访问 AST 节点
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try:
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return self._visit(tree.body, expr)
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except FormulaParseError:
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# 重新抛出 FormulaParseError(保留已有的位置信息)
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raise
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except Exception as e:
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# 将其他异常包装为 FormulaParseError
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if not isinstance(e, FormulaParseError):
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raise FormulaParseError(
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message=f"解析失败: {str(e)}",
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expr=expr,
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) from e
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raise
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def _visit(self, node: ast.AST, expr: str) -> Node:
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"""递归访问 AST 节点并转换为 DSL 节点。
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Args:
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node: Python AST 节点
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expr: 原始表达式字符串(用于错误报告)
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Returns:
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对应的 DSL 节点
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Raises:
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InvalidSyntaxError: 遇到不支持的语法时抛出
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"""
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# 提取位置信息(如果节点有)
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lineno = getattr(node, "lineno", None)
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col_offset = getattr(node, "col_offset", None)
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try:
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if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
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return self._visit_Name(node)
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elif isinstance(node, ast.Constant):
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return self._visit_Constant(node, expr)
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elif isinstance(node, ast.BinOp):
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return self._visit_BinOp(node, expr)
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elif isinstance(node, ast.UnaryOp):
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return self._visit_UnaryOp(node, expr)
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elif isinstance(node, ast.Call):
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return self._visit_Call(node, expr)
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elif isinstance(node, ast.Compare):
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return self._visit_Compare(node, expr)
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else:
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"不支持的语法: {type(node).__name__}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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except FormulaParseError:
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# 重新抛出(保留已有的位置信息)
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raise
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except Exception as e:
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# 包装为 FormulaParseError,添加位置信息
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raise FormulaParseError(
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message=f"解析节点失败: {str(e)}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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) from e
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def _visit_Name(self, node: ast.Name) -> Symbol:
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"""访问名称节点 - 永远转为 Symbol。
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注意:利用 AST 语法自然区分变量和函数调用:
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- log → Symbol("log")(数据列引用)
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- log(close) → 在 _visit_Call 中处理(函数调用)
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Args:
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node: AST 名称节点
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Returns:
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Symbol 节点
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"""
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return Symbol(node.id)
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def _visit_Constant(self, node: ast.Constant, expr: str) -> Node:
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"""访问常量节点。
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支持的类型:
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- int/float → Constant 节点
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- str → Symbol 节点(支持 ts_mean("close", 20) 语法)
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Args:
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node: AST 常量节点
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expr: 原始表达式字符串
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Returns:
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Constant 或 Symbol 节点
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Raises:
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InvalidSyntaxError: 不支持的常量类型
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"""
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if isinstance(node.value, (int, float)):
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return Constant(node.value)
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elif isinstance(node.value, str):
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# 字符串常量转为 Symbol,支持 "close" 写法
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return Symbol(node.value)
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else:
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lineno = getattr(node, "lineno", None)
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col_offset = getattr(node, "col_offset", None)
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"不支持的常量类型: {type(node.value).__name__}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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def _visit_BinOp(self, node: ast.BinOp, expr: str) -> BinaryOpNode:
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"""访问二元运算节点。
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Args:
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node: AST 二元运算节点
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expr: 原始表达式字符串
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Returns:
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BinaryOpNode 节点
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Raises:
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InvalidSyntaxError: 不支持的运算符
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"""
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left = self._visit(node.left, expr)
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right = self._visit(node.right, expr)
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op = BIN_OP_MAP.get(type(node.op))
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if op is None:
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lineno = getattr(node, "lineno", None)
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col_offset = getattr(node, "col_offset", None)
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"不支持的运算符: {type(node.op).__name__}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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return BinaryOpNode(op, left, right)
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def _visit_UnaryOp(self, node: ast.UnaryOp, expr: str) -> Node:
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"""访问一元运算节点。
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支持常量折叠优化:纯数值的一元运算直接计算结果。
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Args:
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node: AST 一元运算节点
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expr: 原始表达式字符串
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Returns:
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Constant(常量折叠)或 UnaryOpNode 节点
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Raises:
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InvalidSyntaxError: 不支持的运算符
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"""
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operand = self._visit(node.operand, expr)
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op = UNARY_OP_MAP.get(type(node.op))
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lineno = getattr(node, "lineno", None)
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col_offset = getattr(node, "col_offset", None)
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if op is None:
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"不支持的一元运算符: {type(node.op).__name__}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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if op == "~":
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message="位运算 '~' 不被支持",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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# 常量折叠优化:纯数值直接计算
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if isinstance(operand, Constant) and isinstance(operand.value, (int, float)):
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if op == "-":
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return Constant(-operand.value)
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elif op == "+":
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return operand # +5 就是 5
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# 非常量使用运算符重载
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if op == "-":
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return -operand
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elif op == "+":
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return +operand
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# 不应该到达这里
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"无法处理的一元运算符: {op}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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def _visit_Call(self, node: ast.Call, expr: str) -> Node:
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"""访问函数调用节点。
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注意:只有在这里查注册表,处理函数调用。
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Args:
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node: AST 函数调用节点
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expr: 原始表达式字符串
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Returns:
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函数返回的 Node 节点
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Raises:
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InvalidSyntaxError: 不支持的函数调用语法
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UnknownFunctionError: 函数未注册
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"""
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lineno = getattr(node, "lineno", None)
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col_offset = getattr(node, "col_offset", None)
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# 只支持简单函数调用(如 func(a, b))
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if not isinstance(node.func, ast.Name):
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message="只支持简单函数调用(如 func(a, b))",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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func_name = node.func.id
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func = self.registry.get(func_name)
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if func is None:
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raise UnknownFunctionError(
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func_name=func_name,
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available=self.registry.available_functions(),
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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# 解析位置参数
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args = [self._visit(arg, expr) for arg in node.args]
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# 解析关键字参数(如果有)
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kwargs = {}
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for keyword in node.keywords:
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kwargs[keyword.arg] = self._visit(keyword.value, expr)
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# 应用函数
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try:
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if kwargs:
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return func(*args, **kwargs)
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return func(*args)
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except TypeError as e:
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"函数 '{func_name}' 调用失败: {e}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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) from e
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def _visit_Compare(self, node: ast.Compare, expr: str) -> BinaryOpNode:
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"""访问比较运算节点。
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注意:只支持简单二元比较,不支持链式比较(如 a < b < c)。
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Args:
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node: AST 比较节点
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expr: 原始表达式字符串
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Returns:
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BinaryOpNode 节点(使用比较运算符)
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Raises:
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InvalidSyntaxError: 链式比较或不支持的运算符
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"""
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lineno = getattr(node, "lineno", None)
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col_offset = getattr(node, "col_offset", None)
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# Python 支持链式比较 (a < b < c),这里简化为二元比较
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if len(node.ops) != 1 or len(node.comparators) != 1:
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message="只支持简单二元比较(如 a > b),不支持链式比较",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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left = self._visit(node.left, expr)
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op = COMPARE_OP_MAP.get(type(node.ops[0]))
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if op is None:
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raise InvalidSyntaxError(
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message=f"不支持的比较运算符: {type(node.ops[0]).__name__}",
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expr=expr,
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lineno=lineno,
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col_offset=col_offset,
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)
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right = self._visit(node.comparators[0], expr)
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return BinaryOpNode(op, left, right)
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